Acetyl fentanyl, N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide, is an analogue of the potent opioid analgesic fentanyl.1 It may also be referred to as nonpharmaceutical fentanyl.2 Some common street names for acetyl fentanyl include China White, Apache, China girl, dance fever, friend, goodfella, jackpot, murder 8, TNT, and Tango and Cash.3 The chemical structure of acetyl fentanyl is very similar to fentanyl’s. The substance is also referred to as desmethyl fentanyl due to a missing methyl group in its structure compared to that of fentanyl.4 Acetyl fentanyl is manufactured, distributed, and sold illicitly, and may be mixed with heroin or other agents. It may be marketed as heroin, oxycodone (OxyContin), or fentanyl to unsuspecting buyers. Fentanyl is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine.5 When mixed with other substances, such as heroin, it can have additive toxic effects. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia
National Trends
According to the CDC’s Health Alert Network, some states have reported a rise in fatalities associated with acetyl fentanyl since 2012.6 There have been reports of over 700 overdose deaths attributed to fentanyl and acetyl fentanyl from 2013 to 2014.7 It is conceivable that the number is much higher, since some state health departments are reporting even greater numbers, particularly in the eastern United States. Ohio reported 514 fentanyl overdoses in 2014, and Maryland reported 185. In addition, most medical examiners do not test for acetyl fentanyl unless specifically asked to do so.7,8 Data from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System reported an increase in the number of drug seizures in some states for acetyl fentanyl from 618 in 2012 to 4,585 in 2014. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia
Clinical Effects
Acetyl fentanyl, like fentanyl, binds to mu opioid receptors, causing agonist effects.1 Studies suggest that its potency is 5 to 15 times that of heroin.10 Clinical effects are similar to those of other opioid agents, including analgesia, as well as euphoria, altered mood, miosis, drowsiness, cough suppression, decreased gastro-intestinal motility, and respiratory depression. Adverse effects of fentanyl may include nausea, itching, dizziness, or altered mental status, and may progress to more severe toxicity. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia
Tolerance and Dependence
Similar to other opioid agents, repeated use can lead to tolerance, with escalating doses required for an effect.11 Acetyl fentanyl may also serve as a substitute for heroin or other opioids in opioid-dependent persons, because of agonism of the same mu opioid receptors. Additionally, individuals may believe they are using heroin and inadvertently become tolerant to or dependent on the more potent opioid, such that a return to unadulterated heroin no longer provides the expected effects.12 While withdrawal has not been specifically described, given its affinity for opioid receptors, an opioid withdrawal pattern would be expected, with anxiety, sweating, abdominal discomfort, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, shivering, and piloerection. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia
Toxicity
Clinical studies evaluating the pharmacologic effects of acetyl fentanyl specifically in humans are lacking.11 Its toxicity is similar to that of other opioids, with lethargy progressing to coma, respiratory depression leading to apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension.11,12 Death is usually due to respiratory arrest. Users may be at greater risk of severe effects if they believe they are using heroin but have actually purchased the more potent acetyl fentanyl or a mixture of the two.
Drug Interactions
The effects of acetyl fentanyl can be potentiated by other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including other opioids. When it is used with alcohol, synergistic effects occur. Benzodiazepines also have an additive and possibly synergistic effect on CNS and respiratory depression.11 When these are taken with stimulants, rapid respiratory depression may ensue at the point that the stimulant properties resolve.13 Use of HIV protease inhibitors, such as ritonavir, may reduce the elimination of acetyl fentanyl and increase plasma levels. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia
Laboratory Testing
The CDC recommends testing using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for those patients showing symptoms consistent with opioid overdose. If the test is positive, confirmatory testing is recommended using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) testing on specimens to confirm or rule out fentanyl and its analogues, including acetyl fentanyl.14
Treatment With Naloxone
Pharmacists should counsel patients, family members, and caregivers to become familiar with signs of opioid overdose as well as to understand the instructions for administering a reversal agent. Opiate overdose should be sus-pected in any patient presenting with the triad of mental status depression, miosis, and respiratory depression. In the nonhospital setting, 911 should be contacted immediately.15 See SIDEBAR 1 for patient case studies. Where can I buy acetyl fentanyl for sale online in USA UK Canada Australia




Reviews
There are no reviews yet.